Light scattering of ideal random copolymers in bulk

Copolymerization is a useful way of modifying the physical properties of a material to meet specific needs, but it can result in a significant light scattering loss due to dielectric fluctuations in the material. Ideal random copolymers are known to be more transparent; however, the light-scattering properties of such copolymers in bulk have not been fully studied. In this paper, two representative ideal random copolymers were synthesized: methyl methacrylate (MMA)/benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and MMA/2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA). The effects of copolymer composition and polymerization temperature on the light-scattering properties were investigated. Polarized light scattering (V_V) in copolymers was more sensitive to the polymerization temperature. Higher temperatures were necessary to homogenize the dielectric fluctuations and minimize excess light scattering. However, once the heterogeneous structures vanished, the copolymer bulk exhibited low scattering losses, which are comparable with homopolymers, over the entire range of copolymer compositions.     

PP–R管材及专用料的研究进展

综述了无规共聚聚丙烯(PP–R)管材及专用料的研究进展,重点从加工工艺和改性方法两个方面介绍了PP–R管材的研究开发现状。分析了PP–R管材研发存在的主要问题,提出了未来几年PP–R管材及专用料的研究开发方向。     

高职院校服务战略性新兴产业存在的问题及对策

随着战略性新兴产业进一步发展,产业结构调整、转型升级,高职院校服务战略性新兴产业凸显出诸多问题。面对存在的问题,高职院校必须认清形式,认真分析,加强校企合作和产学研结合,提高教师队伍水平,建设和开发校内外实习、实训基地,提高办学水平和服务能力。     

高熵合金涂层的研究进展

高熵合金涂层由于具有优于块体高熵合金和传统金属涂层的综合性能,在航空航天、核反应堆等极端服役环境下表现出了巨大的应用潜力。涂层低维形态产生的尺寸效应与高熵合金独特的多主元特征效应相耦合,使高熵合金涂层具有成分均匀、组织致密、结构稳定、性能优异等特点。概述了近年来高熵合金涂层的主要制备技术,简述了不同制备方法的原理、优势及工艺参数对涂层组织性能的影响。探讨了高熵合金中主要组元元素的作用、相结构的调控准则、多相转变行为等微观组织结构的特征与影响机制。论述了高熵合金涂层的服役性能特点,包括力学性能、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、抗辐照及耐磨损性能,并分析了成分/工艺-组织-性能的关联及相关作用机理。最后,总结了目前研究工作中存在的关键科学难题与挑战,对高熵合金涂层的研究方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

唐山市养老服务业人才培养对策研究

随着我市人口老龄化社会趋势的发展,老年人对养老服务的需求迅速膨胀起来,加快养老服务业人才培养,建构一个良好的、多元化的人才培养体系成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文从唐山市老年人养老需求及服务现状入手,分析了目前我市养老服务业人才培养存在的问题,提出了加强我市养老服务业人才培养的对策。     

社会转型下的单位社区适老性景观更新策略研究：以重棉厂社区为例

老龄化社会背景下,社区养老发展成为中国城市的主要养老模式,单位社区老龄化问题较其他新兴社区更为典型,是社区养老建设的重要阵地。因其制度转型导致原有功能和结构破碎,使得该类社区普遍存在适老性缺失问题,突显出单位社区适老性景观更新研究的迫切性。以重庆土湾重棉厂社区为例,通过社会调查量表和半开放式访谈等方式,调查老年人日常行为路径、社会网络特征和文化记忆感知,发现了社区服务体系分离、社会网络分化和集体记忆缺失三大既存问题,由此构建出完善社区服务体系、增加多元交往空间、延续单位集体记忆的适老性景观干预途径,从而为单位社区适老性景观建设提供理论探寻和实践样本借鉴。     

易碎Be靶丸表面精密抛光技术与理论分析

目的建立一种新的易碎空心微球抛光机模型,并研制出该样机,用于空心Be微球的精密抛光。方法采用限位孔设计解决微球低应力夹持问题,添加不同数量的配重球,用于调整待抛球的滑动摩擦力大小和防止其飞出限位孔。上下盘偏心放置,实现微球无规运动。采用白光干涉仪分析抛光后Be微球的表面粗糙度。结果抛光机模型计算表明,待抛球一直在做周期性的变速和变加速运动,其周期大小由上盘转动频率决定,变加速运动增加了微球的滑动摩擦成分,有利于提高微球抛光效率。此外,待抛球表面抛光轨迹呈现无规行走,这有利于抛光的均匀性。使用该原理抛光机,在24 h内能够将直径1.2 mm、均方根表面粗糙度510 nm的易碎铍(Be)靶丸抛光至85 nm。结论理论和实验共同验证了易碎微球抛光机模型的合理性和可行性,上下盘放置方式、限位孔大小设计和配重球数量等关系着易碎微球的抛光均匀性和抛光效率。     

Seismic risk analysis for reinforced concrete structures with both random and parallelepiped convex variables

This article develops an improved seismic risk assessment formulation exhibiting both random and bounded uncertainties using a probability and parallelepiped convex set mixed model. Limit thresholds for different types of components are described via a probabilistic model. The distribution parameters of limit thresholds are originally treated by employing a multidimensional parallelepiped convex model, in which marginal intervals are utilised to represent scattering levels for the distribution parameters, while relevant angle are employed to express the correlation between uncertain distribution parameters. The structural responses, i.e., engineering demand parameters (EDPs), are considered as correlated random variables and are assumed to follow a multidimensional lognormal distribution. A performance limit state function, which allows considering the relationship between the EDPs and the corresponding limit thresholds, is employed to reflect the coexistence of both random and parallelepiped convex variables. The limit state function is mapped into the standard parameter space via a transformation technique. Then, the improved seismic risk formulation, characterised through a probability and parallelepiped convex mixed variables, can be derived with the combination of the seismic fragility function and the ground motion hazard curve. The main purpose is to illustrate that the performance limit states should be properly modeled as random and parallelepiped convex mixed variables rather than only random or deterministic quantities. A six-story reinforced concrete building designed according to Chinese codes are used to illustrate the proposed approach for constructing hazard curves. The interstory drift and the peak floor acceleration are the selected EDPs, calculated through incremental dynamic analysis. The results demonstrate that the calculated failure probabilities for different limit states in 50?years are found capable of meeting the requirements of Chinese seismic norms after the proposed seismic risk formulation is adopted.     

Collapse safety margin-oriented seismic retrofit strategy for corroded reinforced concrete frames using fibre reinforced plastics

Considering residual service life, this paper presents a collapse safety margin-oriented seismic retrofit strategy for corroded reinforced concrete (RC) frames using fibre reinforced plastics (FRP). With the assumed uniform corrosion model, corrosion-induced initial damage combined with subsequent earthquake-induced damage is identified by the multi-mode-based global damage model developed previously. The collapse-level earthquake intensity determined by incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) with the damage model and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE)-level intensity considering residual service life are combined to generate the time-variant collapse safety margin assessment of corroded RC structures. Based on this assessment, the collapse safety margin-oriented FRP seismic retrofit strategy is proposed and demonstrated on a 4-storey frame. The damage model originally developed for earthquake scenarios has also exhibited its rationality for characterising corrosion-induced initial damage and its influence on coupled damage development with subsequent earthquake excitation. Seismic retrofitting with FRP composites should consider the effects of the corrosion development stage, target collapse safety margin and residual service life. FRP retrofits can cause decreases in the MCE-level collapse probability and increases in the collapse resistance of corroded RC structures. Retrofitting carried out at different times achieves different efficiencies and different time-variant collapse safety margins within the residual service life.     

土性参数随机场的模拟和随机场的离散

对土性分布参数一维、二维随机场模型和局部平均随机场单元离散随机场的技术进行了较深入的研究 ,提出了计算和组集自协方差矩阵的方法。